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Introduced on day 6

Integrity rule

An assertion that must hold for every row if the data are correct, such as passengers <= capacity or a unique (date, flight_no) key.

In detail

Integrity rules come from physics, definitions or business agreements: key uniqueness, value ranges, cross-column consistency (load_factor = passengers / capacity), allowed category values. Written as queries that should return zero rows, they can run before every refresh and fail the pipeline when violated.